Litteratur Review: Profil Fitokimia Rimpang Temulawak Sebagai Antibakteri
Literature Review: Phytochemical Profile of Curcuma Rhizome as an Antibacterial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v22i1.7775Abstract
The rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. is a medicinal plant native of Indonesia that is widely used in traditional and modern medicine. Various studies have reported that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb rhizomes contain various bioactive compounds as antibacterial potential. This article aimed to comprehensively review the phytochemical profile of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb rhizomes and their antibacterial activities and mechanisms based on secondary data from accredited national journals and reputable international journals. A literature search was conducted through the scientific databases Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed with a focus on publications discussing the phytochemical content, antibacterial activity, and mechanisms of action of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb active compounds. The results of the study showed that temulawak rhizomes contain a group of main compounds in the form of curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin), essential oils (xanthorrhizol, α-curcumin, β-curcumin),
Rimpang Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (temulawak) adalah tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional dan modern. Berbagai studi melaporkan bahwa rimpang temulawak mengandung beragam senyawa fitokimia bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereview secara komprehensif profil fitokimia rimpang temulawak serta aktivitas dan mekanisme antibakterinya berdasarkan data sekunder dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi dan jurnal internasional bereputasi. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui basis data ilmiah Google Scholar, Scopus, dan PubMed dengan fokus pada publikasi yang membahas kandungan fitokimia, aktivitas antibakteri, dan mekanisme kerja senyawa aktif temulawak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rimpang temulawak mengandung kelompok senyawa utama berupa kurkuminoid (kurkumin, demetoksikurkumin, bisdemetoksikurkumin), minyak atsiri (xanthorrhizol, α-kurkumen, β-kurkumen), flavonoid, fenolik, dan alkaloid. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif melalui berbagai mekanisme, antara lain kerusakan dinding sel, gangguan permeabilitas membran, dan inhibisi sintesis protein. Dengan demikian, rimpang temulawak berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antibakteri alami dan bahan baku fitofarmaka.
Kata kunci: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, fitokimia, rimpang, antibakteri, temulawak
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