Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory

factors that contribute to the rise of narcotics smuggling, we can develop more effective strategies to combat this issue.

The rise of narcotics smuggling in Indonesia is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive explanation.The use of integration theory, specifically the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association, can provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of narcotics crime in urban areas.Cultural Transmission theory suggests that individuals learn their values, beliefs, and behaviors through the process of socialization within their culture.This theory highlights the role of family, peer groups, and the media in shaping an individual's attitudes and behaviors towards drugs.The theory argues that individuals who are exposed to drug use at an early age are more likely to engage in drug use themselves.On the other hand, Differential Association theory suggests that individuals learn deviant behaviors from their associations with others.The theory posits that individuals who associate with those who engage in deviant behavior, such as drug use, are more likely to adopt those behaviors themselves.By integrating these two theories, we can better understand the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia.The use of rat ports as entry points for illegal drugs can be explained by the influence of cultural transmission, where individuals are exposed to drug use through their socialization process.Furthermore, the use of these rat ports can also be explained by differential association, where individuals who associate with drug smugglers are more likely to engage in the smuggling of narcotics themselves.Overall, the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association theory provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia.By considering the various

Introduction
The development of crime at this time does not only develop in one country or region but develops and expands from one country to another.The development of crime at this time is increasingly widespread, one of which is driven by its circulation, which makes it seem that one country with another has no boundaries.This movement between countries that seems to have no boundaries creates new problems that arise between countries, this is known as transnational organized crime.Shelley said transnational organized crime had been the most serious problem of the 20th century, but it was only recently that it was recognized as a threat to the world order.Crime undermines the integrity of each country but only becomes a threat to the state and nation in the 21st year (Shelley & Louise, 1995).
Transnational organized crime is a global problem that continues to grow and has broad impacts in all corners of the world.In this research, transnational organized crime is defined broadly to refer to the behavior of ongoing organizations that involve two or more countries, thus behavior that is defined as criminal by at least one of these nations (Wang, et.al, 2009).Transnational organized crime includes trafficked prostitutes from Southeast Asia or the former Soviet Union, exploitation of migrant workers, carding, selling stolen cars for overseas shipment, arms smuggling, and child trafficking (Finckenauer, 2000) The discussion regarding the abuse and trafficking of narcotics and drugs, also known as narcotics, continues to be endless.All the modus operandi of crimes are carried out to smooth out evil intentions in drug trafficking throughout the world.This problem threatens the security and stability of national security.Drug trafficking is a security threat to a country that is transnational (involving several countries), therefore its handling must be in the form of international cooperation.
Trafficking and abuse of narcotics and illegal drugs are inseparable from the fact that Southeast Asia is one of the largest producers of illegal drugs in the world after Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Colombia, through the existence of the "Golden Triangle" Triangle on the borders of Thailand, Myanmar, Laos.
The Golden Triangle accounts for 60 percent of the world's production of opium and heroin.With a population of nearly 500 million people in Southeast Asia, this region is not only the largest producer of dangerous drugs but also a potential market for drug producers and dealers.
The rise of narcotics smuggling cases that have been seized by the police in recent years shows that Indonesia is increasingly being looked at by international drug syndicates.Indonesia is considered a lucrative market for drug trafficking.One reason is that Indonesia is considered a very good market.As an explanation from Rukmana (2014) in his research explaining that one of the research sources obtained provided evidence that the suspect who came from Thailand stated that Indonesia is a large market and has high prices, this was conveyed also because of the large population in Indonesia (Rukmana, 2019).
Various types of narcotics in various forms and ways of use have circulated so quickly in our country.The use and even distribution of narcotics has mushroomed from time to time.The problem is that almost 90 percent of drug users are young people.We all know that the nation's fate lies in the younger generation's hands, as the next generation.So it can be ascertained that sooner or later drugs will become a serious threat to the survival of the nation.
Several studies have explained that the general problem of crime related to unfavorable urban conditions is included in the ecological problem of urban disorganization.This was further explained by Faris and Dunham in Mental Disorders In Urban Areas: An Ecological Study Of Schizophrenia And Other Psychoses, that urbanization and social disorganization tend to cause various social problems within the same individual and community relationship structures.Urban (Faris & Dunham, 1939).Faris and Dunham believe that disorganization is a social problem with the breakdown of group control.associated with a list of indications of crime, poverty, crime, alcoholism, mental decay, and family disharmony (Rinaldi, 2019) The narcotics business is in great demand by the public because it is considered a promising business.With this reality, drug trafficking in Indonesia is getting easier and cheaper to get by all levels of society, starting from children, officials, artists, students, and even law enforcement officers.This is due to the huge profits promised in a short time behind this illicit business.Even though it violates the law with the risk of severe sanctions, there are still many people who are willing to accept this risk for the benefit of this business, so that the supply of these goods is not only to big cities in Indonesia, but their circulation has also reached other cities.Even in remote sub-districts and villages, the distribution is carried out through land, sea, and air routes that are very neatly organized and confidential, without paying attention to moral, religious, and national interests (Rinaldi, 2017) Current developments refer to practice, international criminal law has a broad meaning.Otto Triffterer (2006:22) argues that: "International Criminal Law includes several international provisions which stipulate that an act is a crime under international law."International narcotics and dangerous drug syndicates continue to flood Indonesian territory.
Smuggling occurs at several entry points to Indonesia, such as ports and airports.This is also what is being highlighted in various regions in Indonesia at the moment, especially areas that have many rat ports that can be used as access to enter prohibited goods due to a lack of supervision of the places that are conjured and used as entry points.As is the case in Riau Province, according to data released by the Riau Police explaining that so many entrances for narcotics are carried out through rat ports.The following is a map of rat ports along the coast of Riau Province.From the data collected, there are at least several districts that have been used as rat ports in the entry of drug trafficking in Riau Province, there are at least 29 rat ports, of which in the Rokan Hilir Regency the rat ports are from Tanjung Lumbalumba, P. Halang, and Bagan Siapiapi, then in the Dumai City area, the port for mice is entering the Sinaboi, Tanjung Medang, Teluk Binjai, Dumai, and Pelitung routes.In Bengkalis Regency, the rat ports are located in Pambong Bay, Belitung Bay, Tebing Tinggi, Bengkalis, Tanjung Nyirih, and the New Straits.In the Meranti Islands, the rat ports are located in Sodor, Tanjung Samak, Sekodi, and Segomeng.In Indragiri Hilir Regency, rat ports are located in Tembilahan, Kualaenok, Kijang Island, Sapat, Tanjung Datuk, Gunung River, and Bird Island.The last one in Pelalawan Regency has rat ports located in Teluk Dalam and Tugau.The following is a map of drug entry both via sea and land: By looking at the data above, it can be seen that the entry routes for narcotics in Riau Province, both sea and land routes, are very diverse, this is driven by the large number of rat ports.Many causal factors make the Port of Rats a paradise for international drug entry routes, especially those that occur in Riau province.The main factor for the birth of a rat port in Riau Province is the geographical conditions that allow this to happen.The coast that faces directly neighboring countries or mainland Malaysia is the dominant factor for giving birth to entrances through existing small rivers.Even though some enter through official ports by disguising the contents of the cargo, the route through the rat port continues to be the main choice for those syndicates working within it.Apart from that, the modus operandi for smuggling of narcotics is very diverse, as can be seen in the following figure: Based on the picture above, it can be seen that the modus operandi of smuggling various narcotics, marijuana, methamphetamine, and ecstasy that enter from Aceh by land route usually uses the mode of transport by bus, sending parcels, tucking in truckloads, and using private cars.Methamphetamine, ecstasy, and happy Five that enter from Malaysia by sea use the mode of transport by using fishing boats/ necessities, private speedboats, passenger ferries, and tucking them in with luggage from cargo ships, while by air the mode used is tucking them in belts, in the soles of shoes, ingesting narcotics, and tucking in body parts.
In his writings on Integrative Theories in the Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, Barak (2002) explains that each theory is only true according to his perspective.So thus to understand the crime requires a comprehensive explanation.Barak sees that criminological theories, which are numerous and varied in their perspectives and approaches, can be combined to provide a more comprehensive understanding (Barak, 2002).
The tendency to combine criminological theories is also driven by the limitations of the applicable nature of each theory.The merging of theories carried out in criminology is not only limited to one perspective, and one discipline, but also becomes cross-disciplinary and even multi-disciplinary.The fascination with integrative theory is that it frees people from perspective trappings.Furthermore, Barak (2002) explains that integrative theory or integrating criminological perspectives is not a new venture.This has been done at least since Merton (1938), Sutherland (1947), andCohen (1955).However, it was only in the 1970s and 1980s that integrative models began to "take off" and challenge non-integrative or one-dimensional theories and models of crime and/or punishment (Barak, 2002) The explanation of the integrative theory that the authors use in this study is the definition of integrative theory conveyed by Lenier and Henry (2004) in Essential Criminology.Where it is said that the theory of integration means combining two or more existing theories, selected based on their similarities, into one theoretical model that is reformulated and has the advantage of a more comprehensive explanation compared to each element of the original theory.The trend of integrating multiple theories in criminology started in 1979 based on the best elements of the theories being combined.
The use of integration theory in this study is used to answer the phenomenon of narcotics crime which is considered complex by the author.As explained by Barak each theory is only true according to his perspective, plus the limitations of the applicative nature of each theory.So to answer the complexity of existing crimes regarding narcotics problems requires a comprehensive explanation, thus the use of integration theory is possible to explain the problems of narcotics crime in urban areas discussed in this study.So to explain this, the authors integrate the theory of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association.

Research Method
The method used in this research is through literature study by collecting several previous studies and conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR).Systematic Literature Review is a way of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all available research that is relevant to the problem formulation or topic area studied (Dziopa & Ahem, 2011).The purpose of this Systematic Literature Review research is to find different perspectives related to the problem under study and uncover theories relevant to the case in this study which examines more deeply the circulation of narcotics.
The stages of Systematic Literature Review are divided into 4 stages, namely Planning (designing review questions and planning methods), Data Collection (searching for keywords, screening of titles and abstracts, filtering & assessment, and data extraction), Analysis Stage (descriptive and thematic analysis), then ends with Synthesis (discussion).By synthesizing research results through a systematic review approach and presenting them in the form of actionable messages (policy briefs and policy papers), the facts are more conclusive, comprehensive, and balanced to be conveyed to stakeholders (Xiao, et.al, 2019).
In this study, a systematic literature review was carried out from the last 5 years, namely 2017 to 2022 through Jstor using the keyword "narcotics", and through research search results with these keywords found 1193 studies.Then screening or selection was carried out by adding the keyword "transnational crime" and 154 research search results were obtained.Then another screening was carried out by adding the keyword "drugs trafficking", the search results were obtained for 9 studies according to inclusion and exclusion.The results obtained show that there are many things that encourage researchers to take up this research topic, this is evidenced by the inconsistency of the results of previous studies, the differences in research results, and the circulation of narcotics which are mostly only seen from a legal perspective, based on this, research This study looks at the circulation of narcotics, especially those that occur in Riau Province when viewed from the theory of integrative criminology.

Transnational Organized Crime
Transnational organized crime is a global problem that continues to grow and has broad impacts in all corners of the world.In this research, transnational organized crime is defined broadly to refer to the behavior of ongoing organizations that involve two or more countries, thus behavior that is defined as criminal by at least one of these nations (Wang, et.al, 2009) Transnational organized crime includes trafficked prostitutes from Southeast Asia or the former Soviet Union, exploitation of migrant workers, carding, selling stolen cars for overseas shipment, arms smuggling, and child trafficking (Finckenauer, 2000)

Narcotics
Drugs is an abbreviation of narcotics and illegal drugs.Is drug is an abbreviation for narcotics, alcohol, and other addictive substances (drugs, dangerous that cause a person to have dependence on drugs).Drugs are materials/substances which, when they enter the body, will affect the body, especially the central nervous system/brain so that if it is abused will cause physical, psychological/mental disturbances and social functioning due to habits, addiction (addiction), and dependence (dependency) to Narcotics (Fitri, 2019).
The two terms are often used for the same term, even though terms of drugs are broad in scope.This type of drug also includes cannabis.The cannabis plant has been known to mankind for a long time and can be used as a material for making bags and fibers what it produces is powerful.Cannabis seeds are also used as oil (Rinaldi, et.al, 2022).According to recent research, young adults who progress to the higher frequency of both vaping and smoking cannabis may have poorer mental well-being compared to other use patterns.This suggests that targeted efforts may be needed to reduce dual vaping and smoking in young people who use cannabis (Dunbar, et al, 2023).In Indonesia, drug trafficking is increasingly widespread, and the rate of increase is above the average world, if there is no seriousness from the government to fight it, predicted in the future it will continue to increase, someone who is addicted to drugs by definition divided into users, abusers, and addicts.A user is someone who uses drugs just for fun, relaxation or relaxation, and life doesn't revolve around drugs (Afrianti & Rinaldi, 2023).
Narcotics crime which is growing rapidly is a transnational crime and organized crime has made Indonesia a drug emergency.The National Narcotics Agency (BNN) of Indonesia is the leading sector in preventing and eradicating abuse as well as illicit drug trafficking which plays an important role in realizing Indonesian society free from drug abuse and illicit trafficking.A circulation problem Drugs are the distribution of drugs to all groups in society at the ages children, youth, and adults.The dangers of drug use are very impactful against people, society, and the country because if there is drug use on a large scale in society, it will become a fragile nation.Frequent drug abuse is carried out by young people, especially teenagers whose souls are still unstable and easier to be affected by bad things (Dini & Rinaldi, 2023)

Integrative Theory Criminology; Munculnya, Kritik & Perkembangan
The use of integration theory in this study is used to answer the phenomenon of drug crime which is considered complex by the author.As explained by Barak (2002) each theory is only true according to its perspective, plus the limitations of the applicable nature of each theory.So to answer the complexity of existing crimes regarding narcotics problems requires a comprehensive explanation, thus the use of integration theory is possible to explain the problems of narcotics crime in urban areas discussed in this study.So to explain this, the authors integrate the theory of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association.Integration theory means combining two or more existing theories, selected based on their similarities, into one theoretical model which is reformulated and has the advantage value of a more comprehensive explanation compared to each element of the original theory.The trend of integrating multiple theories in criminology started in 1979 based on the best elements of the combined theories (Lanier & Stuart, 2004) Each theory is only true from its perspective.To understand crime requires a comprehensive explanation.Criminological theories, which are numerous and vary from viewpoints and approaches, can be combined to provide a more comprehensive understanding (Barak, 2002) The tendency to merge criminological theories is also driven by the limitations of the applicable nature of each theory.The merging of theories carried out in criminology is not only limited to one perspective, and one discipline (social science) but also becomes cross-disciplinary and even multi-disciplinary.The appeal of composite theory is to free people from the trappings of perspective and to make composite theory a creative framework for a plurality of knowledge (Barak, 2002) Integrative theory is not only carried out by postmodern thinking but also by modern thinking.According to Barak, the characteristics of postmodern integrative theory do not lie in the theory itself but in the knowledge it has acquired.Postmodern does not look for causal relationships within one discipline or between disciplines, it produces models of explanation of crime and its control that show relationships along or across broad interdisciplinary knowledge (Barak, 1998) For example, Vila (1994) in the theory of ecological evolution in his work "A General Paradigm for Understanding Criminal Behavior: Extending Evolutionary Ecological Theory", is consistent with the postmodern spirit of combining multidisciplinary causal theories based on knowledge.Vila integrates various theories according to the level of analysis such as the theory of anonymity, social control theory, labeling theory, and social learning theory originating from social psychology, and at another level, he examines according to cross-disciplinary periods, the changes that stem from "acquisition" behavior.resources" and "resource retention" of social actors from childhood to adulthood.In other words, this synthesis model not only has roots in interdisciplinary ecological evolution but uses a problem-oriented approach rather than a disciplinary orientation in studying criminal behavior (Vila, 1994) Richard Hervey Brown (1989 argues that: "The conflicts that occur in our culture, namely between the vocabulary of scientific discourse and narrative discourse, between positivism and romanticism, between objectivism and subjectivism, and between systems and world-life, can be relieved through poetic truths that look at social sciences and society as texts". According to this view, language is neither a reflection of the world nor of thought.In contrast, the practice of social history when the meaning of words is not taken from objects or intentions but comes from the actions of people who are socially coordinated.Sampson and Laub (1993) in Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life, in their development of a "stepping stone" approach to delinquency and crime, can be found in life history narrative data and the social reconstruction of crime.In their account of crime, they emphasize "the role of informal social control arising from the reciprocal roles and structures of interpersonal ties that link members of society to one another and to broader social institutions such as work, family, and school (Sampson & Laub, 1993) Arrigo (2003) argues that the key to postmodern integration is in the production of analyses that are not total and judgments that are not global.Arrigo's form of is not based on assumptions about knowing the conditions or causes of crime or legal controversies by offering either integration based on a homeostatic model or rigid special theory.On the other hand, according to Arrigo, postmodernism prefers to think of synthesis to refer to "rational, positional, provisional functions in interpreting and reinterpreting, validating, and recognizing plural discourses and their expressions of the construction of reality in different social arrangements (Arrigo, 2003).
Therefore, he can synthesize conceptually rich narratives that incorporate different disciplines such as psychoanalysis, semiotics, poststructuralism, deconstructionism, human agency, role formation, social change, and others.Messercmidt (1997) in Crime as Structured Action: Gender, Race, Class, and Crime in the Making is involved in basic constructionism which includes not only discourse, but also more importantly, the ways in which people actively construct identities.themselves, masculine and feminine, about crime and a special social context because they vary according to time and situation and also by class, race, gender, and so on (Messerscmidt, 1997) The criticism that can be embedded in integrative theory is that it is difficult to do the right integration.This is because it requires careful observation in combining elements in integrative theory.There are at least 4 things to note, namely: a. Is it an integrated theoretical concept or just a proposition?Example: Akers, in combining the theory of the learning process of crime with the theory of social control, equates the concept of "belief" in the theory of social control with the concept of "definition of agreeing or disagreeing with crime" from the theory of the learning process.Merging these concepts according to Thornberry (1989), reduces or absorbs one concept into another concept.Akers himself called the merger of these concepts a hostile takeover.b.The problem of combining propositions.
According to Lenier and Henry ( 2004) attempts to incorporate a comprehensive theory can distort the initial meaning (Lanier & Henry, 2004) Example: Person and Weiner (1985) combined the concept of "commitment" (potential losses that can be caused by crime by people who have social attachments) combined with the concept of "rewardpunishment" to become the concept of "utility demand reception".If what is combined is a proposition, not a concept, the result could be even worse.
Because every proposition that someone formulates is a sequence of complete explanations.c.The problem of the nature of causality in the formal structure of integration theory.The problem is whether the structure of the theory explains a causal relationship that is linear, or is it multiple causality.Can the explanation of crime as the result of multiple causative factors be combined?can interactive or reciprocal causation be co-causing factors?does integrative theory use dialectical explanations, reciprocal causes, cause, and effect are continuous variables instead of fixed, to be "codetermining"?d.Does the level of concept and theory have to be the same?
In combining theories, can theories that explain individuals (micro) only be combined with explanations of other individuals (combination at the micro level)?Wilson and Herrstein (1985) combine microbiological theory with a rational choice; Hagan (power-control theory, 1987) combines the theory of the level of cultural structure with another theory of the level of cultural structure (a combination of macro-level, between Marxism and feminism).Colvin and Paul (1983) combined Marx's theory with the theory of cultural anomie, social learning, and social control theory.
So the criticisms embedded in the theory of integrative development are a way out in terms of providing limitations on how to do good and right integration.This criticism was born as an agreed frame of reference about how and what elements can be combined in a theory if one wants to be integrated.So in its current development, according to Henry and Milovanovic (1996: x), integrative types of analysis have gone beyond the postmodern argument about crime and are recursive (repeated) productions, routine activities that are part or package of insights and specific structures of history and cultures that have attained relative stability according to time and place.
The analysis is materially rooted, and the discourse on structural inequalities is, for example, "become coordinators of social action and "evil actors" are nothing more than "excessive investors" in accumulation and express power and control."For example, Barak and Henry (1999) in "An Integrative-Constitutive Theory of Crime, Law, and Social Justice," examine the coproduction of crime and consumption of crime as well as the co-production of crime and justice (both perpetrators and society) (Barak & Henry, 1999).The theory "links cultural studies with the study of crime.It is a theory that preserves the plurality of the vocabulary through which different people experience violence as well as the workings of the powers of the criminal justice system.According to Arrigo (1999), it is a theory that integrates various viewpoints into a more complete, more robust perspective on law, crime, and deviance (Arrigo, 2003).Ultimately, say Barak, Flavin, and Leighton (2001), these forms of synthesis are attempts to bring the intersection of class, race, and gender together with the dynamics formation of social identity and mass communication in the future (Barak, et.al, 2010).

Cultural Transmission Theory
Criminology's explanation of why certain crimes tend to persist, or in certain areas, the crime rate is relatively high from time to time, is explained through a study developed by Shaw and McKay The use of the concept of cultural transmission is to explain such situations (Shaw, et.al, 2014).Triplett (2007) stated that the concept of Cultural Transmission was used by Shaw and McKay to explain the level of Crime Rate in an area which tends to be constant from time to time (Tripplet, 2007) In addition to the problem of unequal, even limited, opportunity and access, the life of the people living in the lower class structure, which is marked by poor social and economic capabilities, is also colored by the uniformity of the lower class lifestyle which is transmitted from one generation to the next.Cohen defines it as a delinquent sub-culture.This is in line with what was found by Delisi (2009), "Delinquency became a tradition in certain neighborhoods through the process of cultural transmission, where criminal values are passed from one generation to the next (Delisi, 2009) This view which states that cultural transmission takes place from lower-class groups of society is based on the fact that in certain urban areas, the crime rate is at more or less the same level over a long period.Thus it can be said that the transmission of criminal culture from one generation to the next.The research results of Shaw and McKay found the fact that in the most disorganized urban areas crime becomes a tradition that is transmitted from one generation to the next.Shaw and McKay exemplify that criminals with a lifestyle that is better than the average member of society in their community with visibly prosperous economic conditions, and showing off their economic success, are models that become an orientation for young people.
Cultural transmission that occurs in lower-class society must also be understood only applies to adherents of deviant sub-cultural values.We can see that not all members of the lower class choose the non-conformity adaptation model to achieve their goals in life.This means that the values in the lower class are not uniform.However, the high crime rate in certain types of areas, especially in urban areas, must still be believed to be the result of an imbalance in the opportunity structure and low access to legal sources of income experienced by members of the public who are in the lower class social structure.That is, even in an area that has a deviant sub-culture or a crime area, it does not mean that all the people in that area also support or become perpetrators of the crimes that occur.

Differential Association
A different theory of association was first put forward by Edwin H. Sutherland (1939) in his book entitled Principles of Criminology, third edition.This theory emphasizes history that determines (historical) evil This means that the determining cause of crime lies in the relationship between the perpetrator and his environment.The process is explained by Sutherland through 9 (nine) propositions, as follows (Sutherland, 1939): a. Evil behavior is learned, b.Evil behavior is learned in an interaction through a process of communication, c.Interaction for learning occurs in intimate groups, d.What is learned includes techniques for committing crimes, specific instructions from motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes, e.The specific direction of motives and desires is learned from the definition of a legal code as something one likes or dislikes, f.People become evil due to an understanding that tends to violate the law rather than rejecting lawlessness, g.Differential associations may vary in terms of frequency, duration, priority and intensity, h. the process of learning criminal behavior and criminal patterns will involve all the mechanisms involved in the learning process, i.Although criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it cannot be explained by general needs and values because criminal behavior is also an expression of the same needs and values.

Integration of Cultural Transmission Theory and Differential Association.
Integration theory means combining two or more existing theories, selected based on their similarities, into one theoretical model which is reformulated and has the advantage value of a more comprehensive explanation compared to each element of the original theory (Lanier, et.al, 2004).So if you look at the Cultural Transmission theory presented by Shaw and McKay combined with the Differential Association theory, it will produce an explanation that, Drugs in the Urban Province of Riau, are inherited until they are studied in Integrative Theory; Cultural Transmission and Differential Association.
Cultural Transmission in a criminological view as explained by Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay (2014) states that in general the differences between community types include the number of criminals in an area where the community is located (Shaw & Henry, 2014).The level of number of criminals in an area is also determined by the level of uniformity, consistency, universality of traditional values, respect for caring for children, compliance with the law, and other related matters.
In a wide territorial system, competition and resistance to prevailing values continue to grow.The villains have found and developed a powerful survival competition.Efforts to develop this life competition are based on the encouragement that forces the lives of those who live in these areas as urban areas in general, to live in a reality that offers economic benefits, prestige, and other satisfactions.These efforts are manifested in the form of community groups that support bad behavior and organizations that commit criminal acts such as drug trafficking.So even many of the groups in society have had a very strong power influence in society.In this paper, the authors found that the lure of large profits from unlawful activities influenced an individual in deciding to become a perpetrator of a crime and join a group or community that supports it to gain recognition and social and economic benefits so that in the end live and settle in the crimes he commits such as drug trafficking in urban areas.
As described by Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay (2014) cultural transmission is segmented into three areas.First, in areas where the economic status of the people is relatively high, the number of criminals in this segment is relatively low due to strong relationships between individuals with developed values and pressure from the external environment on individuals to behave.Second, in areas where the economic status of the people is middle class, the similar attitudes and values prevailing in society are expressed by the existence of an organization designed to serve the prevailing values.In this segment, there is a resemblance to segments in areas with high economic status of the people.Third, in areas where the economic status of the people is classified as low.Individuals living in this segment will have direct contact with adult individuals, most of whom are perpetrators of deviance (Shaw & Henry, 2014).The number of criminals in people with a low economic level is relatively high because of the compulsion to do evil as a motivation to get a better life.This is basically what happens to the urban segment of society.
In urban areas in Riau Province, it is included in areas with segments of society that are classified as having a low economy.With the high number of crimes, especially narcotics crimes in this region, every individual who is and lives in this region is familiar with matters relating to lawlessness.Explaining this, Shaw and McKay stated that this kind of contradictory condition occurs in a disorganized society, with the characteristics of society there are contradictions displayed by the perpetrators of crimes in this area where crime is considered normal and normal (Shaw & Henry, 2014).This is equivalent to what happens in a disorganized society, where adult criminals display a lifestyle that contradicts the life of urban society at large.Adult criminals become role models and idols or respected figures for other teenagers living in this area.
The value that is then transmitted to the younger generation is how parents or the surrounding community often show that the form of success is having a good economy and luxurious houses.Even though not every parent in this area gives such a picture, in plain view what the community can present is a picture of success and prosperity is the main thing.The perpetrators of crime appear in society with the luxury that is obtained from the activities of the violations they commit.An all-sufficient life, even in contrast to a society that chooses to live not to commit crimes or violations.This causes the community, such as teenagers, to make the activities of the perpetrators of crimes or violations as role models or idols.Success is a value that is understood by young people as a luxury that is obtained when committing violations such as drug trafficking which can lead them to a respectable degree in life in society.
Conditions like this result in the practice of crime is a way that is justified in the region even transcendentally.This kind of value has an extraordinary magnetism for young people to pursue the way of life as perpetrator of crimes or violations.
This was explained by Shaw and Mckay who said: "…..The tradition is manifested in many different ways.It becomes meaningful to the child through the conduct, speech, gestures, and attitudes of persons with whom he has contact.Through his contact with these groups and by his participantion in their activities he learned the techniques of stealing, become involved in binding relationships with his companions in delinquency and acquires the attitudes appropriate to his position as a member of such groups" This learning process is largely determined by the process with whom they relate.The process of learning about crime becomes so easy when it is supported by an environment that justifies the practice of crime as a promising way of life.Continuing the explanation from Shaw and McKay in compiling the observation that the values of crime are transmitted as well as drug crimes being committed, Sutherland stated that preference for crime is culturally transmitted by stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction.In Sutherland's explanation of the Differential Association explains that a person engages in deviant behavior because he learns the deviant behavior himself.Criminals as informants in this study explained how criminal behavior such as drug dealing was learned from friends or relatives when they were teenagers (Sutherland, et.al, 1992).So by the explanation of the prepositions expressed by Sutherland associated with the findings of the data in the field explained that: a. Deviant behavior is learned in interaction with others through the process of communication.This can be implemented in the fact that criminals learn how to commit crimes with perpetrators through communication that has existed for a long time, as in friendship.b.Motives and drives are learned from legal definitions that are considered appropriate or inappropriate, this is supported by the fact that criminal activity is behavior that has become a normal activity in the environment in both crime areas.So this action is considered normal by society.This is because crime has developed long enough.c.Vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.Deviant behavior develops from childhood to adulthood.d.An expression of the need for common values.Drug crime activities can be said to have become a tradition for people in urban areas because in general people who live in these areas commit crimes and support crime because they get promising benefits.So something that is considered a violation has become a long-standing habit or tradition for the community.
A person becomes evil because he is associated with evil behavior patterns and is isolated from good behavior.The same is true for drug offenders in urban areas.They will not be separated from the action if their environment does not change for the better.Then inevitably an individual will follow the pattern of life that already exists and develops in their environment.In this event, individuals who live in urban areas tend to work as drug offenders because they are considered so very promising.

Conclusion
The increase in drug trafficking is generally caused by two things, namely: for dealers, it promises big profits, while for users it promises peace and comfort in life so that the psychological burden experienced can be removed.Second, the promise given by narcotics causes the fear of the risk of being caught to decrease, on the contrary, it will create a sense of courage.Values for violations committed by drug offenders in urban areas are passed down and learned from peers or peers.
The existence of a rat port is another motivating factor besides the two things above in Riau Province, with access to this rat port the perpetrators have more opportunities to carry out their actions.This is also what creates or increases the perpetrators' sense of courage in distributing narcotics, these are the values that are transmitted by the perpetrators and learned by other actors in line with the explanation of the integration of cultural transmission theory and differential association.So there is a need for synchronization or work integration between related agencies.Among them are the Riau Regional Police, BNNP, BEA and Excise Regional Office, Immigration Regional Office, Indonesian Navy, and AVSEC for dealing with drug trafficking problems specifically in the jurisdiction of the Riau Regional Police.This work integration can be carried out in the form of exchanging information, patrols, and joint raids.By building synergy in dealing with the entry and exit of narcotics from within and outside the country either by land, sea, or air the city is free from all forms of law violations caused by drug trafficking.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Rat Ports Along the Coastal Seas of Riau Province

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Map of Entry of Drugs Via Sea and Land

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The Modus Operandi of Narcotics Smuggling in the Riau Province

[
PENA JUSTISIA: MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAN KAJIAN HUKUM] Kasmanto Rinaldi, et.al : Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory 55

[
PENA JUSTISIA: MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAN KAJIAN HUKUM] Kasmanto Rinaldi, et.al : Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory 58

[
PENA JUSTISIA: MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAN KAJIAN HUKUM] Kasmanto Rinaldi, et.al : Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory 59