Narrative Review : Implementasi Farmakoekonomi dalam Program Kesehatan Stunting

Chiara Dhinta; Didik Setiawan; Indri Hapsari

doi:10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7974

Authors

Chiara Dhinta Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Didik Setiawan Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Indri Hapsari Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31941/benzena.v5i01.7974

Keywords:

Farmakoekonomi; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Program Gizi; Kesehatan Anak,

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia because it impacts physical growth, cognitive development, economic productivity, and the quality of human resources. Although the prevalence of stunting shows a downward trend, its incidence remains relatively high, necessitating effective and efficient interventions. A pharmacoeconomic approach, specifically cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), can be used to evaluate the efficiency of various stunting prevention and management programs.

Objective: This narrative review aims to examine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children and analyze the implementation of pharmacoeconomics through a cost-effectiveness analysis approach in various stunting control programs.

Methods: The study was conducted using a narrative review method with secondary data sources obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The literature search was conducted on publications from 2008–2026. Articles that met the inclusion criteria included observational studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and economic evaluation studies related to stunting programs. A total of 30 articles were analyzed descriptively.

Results: The study showed that stunting is influenced by nutritional factors, recurrent infections, low birth weight, maternal nutritional status, maternal education, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental sanitation. Interventions such as micronutrient supplementation, supplementary feeding, exclusive breastfeeding promotion, nutrition education, and sanitation improvements have been proven effective in reducing the risk of stunting. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that interventions in the First 1,000 Days of Life provide significant health and economic benefits with efficient use of resources.

Conclusion: Implementing pharmacoeconomics through cost-effectiveness analysis plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making for stunting reduction programs. Nutrition and health interventions in early life have proven effective and provide long-term economic benefits, making them worthy of prioritization in public health policies.

Keywords: Stunting; Pharmacoeconomics; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Nutrition Program; Child Health

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References

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