The Status of Indigenous Belief Adherents in Civil Registration
A Comparative Study of the Fulfillment of Constitutional Rights in Indonesia and Viet Nam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v24i1.8293Keywords:
Believers of Faith, Constitutional Rights, Population Administration.Abstract
Recognition of belief adherents in population administration is an important part of fulfilling constitutional rights to identity, equality, and freedom of religion and belief. This research aims to analyze the legal construction of the status of belief adherents in population administration and compare the fulfillment of their constitutional rights in Indonesia and Vietnam. The research employs a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results show that both Indonesia and Vietnam provide constitutional guaranties for freedom of religion and belief, but they develop different regulatory models. Indonesia is moving toward rights-based recognition through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016, which affirms the equality of belief adherents in population administration. Meanwhile, Vietnam recognizes freedom of belief through the Constitution and the Law on Belief and Religion 2016 with a stronger state regulatory character. The fulfillment of rights in both countries shows a gap between constitutional recognition, legal recognition, administrative recognition, and substantive fulfillment. Indonesia primarily faces challenges in administrative implementation following the Constitutional Court's decision, while Vietnam grapples with the issue of balancing freedom of belief and the state's regulatory function. Therefore, population administration needs to be developed based on the principles of equality, non-discrimination, identity protection, administrative access, and effective remedy.
Downloads
References
Amhlaigh, C. Mac. (2022). Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Journal of Law and Society, 49(2), 430–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12357
Budiantoro, T., & Yulianis, M. S. F. (2023). Sejarah Pengakuan Hak Penghayat Kepercayaan Indonesia. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(11), 933–937.
Disantara, Fradhana Putra, D. E. P., Samuel, B., & Nutakor, M. (2024). The Problematics of the Legal Standing of Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( DNA ) Test Results Concerning Civil Relationships of Illegitimate Children : A Legal Pluralism Perspective. Mizani, 11(02), 435–448.
Disantara, F. P. (2021). Konsep Pluralisme Hukum Khas Indonesia sebagai Strategi Menghadapi Era Modernisasi Hukum. Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam, 6(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v6i1.1129
Erliyani, R. (2021). Examining Religious and Justice System in Indonesia to Prevent Cyberbullying. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 15(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766548
Febrina, R., Amin, R. M., ’ I., & ’ I. (2021). Collaborative Governance in Recognizing Customary Law Communities And Customary Communal Land Rights in Kampar Regency. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 8(2), PROOFREAD. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v8i2.11104
Herdiana, D., & Ekawati, D. (2024). Kepastian Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama Pasca Terbitnya Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Dalam Mengadili Perkara Permohonan Pencatatan Perkawinan. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 8(1), 57–69.
Humfress, C. (2024). Legal Pluralism’s Other: Mythologizing Modern Law. Law and History Review, 42(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0738248023000172
Kadir, Y., Nurmala, L. D., & Ismail, N. (2021). The Relevance of Legal Protection to Human Rights Related to Euthanasia Law in Indonesia. Jambura Law Review, 3(2), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i2.7111
Muh. Ali Masnun, Dicky Eko Prasetio, Mohd Badrol Awang, E. S. (2024). Reconstructing Indonesia’s Trademark Registration System through the Lens of General Principles of Good Governance to Realize Substantive Justice. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 5(3), 891–912.
Penatas, A., Muslimin, H., & Anggriawan, F. (2020). Status Hukum Dokumen Kependudukan Aliran Kepercayaan Setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97 / PUU-XIV / 2016. Bhirawa Law Journa, 1(1), 38–44.
Phuong, N. T. (2020). Religion, Law, State, and covid-19 in Vietnam. Journal of Law, Religion and State, 8(2–3), 284–297. https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-2020010
Prasetio, D. E. (2023). Pancasila sebagai Pengembangan Moral Virtual dalam Perspektif Living Ideology. Pancasila : Jurnal Keindonesiaan, 3(2), 127.
Prasetio, D. E. (2024). Perlindungan Dan Pengakuan Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Adat Biak Papua. Realism: Law Review, 2(1), 54–82.
Prasetio, D. E. (2025). Hukum Adat di Indonesia: Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum. In Refleksi Dinamika Hukum di Indonesia (pp. 174–180). PT Adikara Cipta Aksa.
Prasetio, D. E., Disantara, F. P., Azzahra, N. H., & Perwitasari, D. (2021). The Legal Pluralism Strategy of Sendi Traditional Court in the Era of Modernization Law. Rechtsidee, 8, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.2021.8.702
Prasetio, D. E., Masnun, M. A., & Widodo, H. (2025). Affirmative Action for Persons with Disabilities to Ensure the Right to be Elected in General Elections. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 1(1), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2025.4824
Quisay, W. (2023). Locating ‘Praxis’ in Islamic Liberation Theology: God, Scripture, and the Problem of Suffering in Egyptian Prisons. Religions, 14(9), 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14091085
Rahmat, S., Amin, R., Riana, R. D., & Sumiyati. (2021). Agama Masyarakat Suku Laut Kampung Panglong Desa Berakit, Kabupaten Bintan (1965-2011). Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan, 6(Sistem kepercayaan; agama; suku laut.), 85–97.
Ropiah, S. (2024). Perkawinan Beda Agama Pasca SEMA No.2 Tahun 2023 (Analisa Yuridis Sosiologis Perkawinan Beda Agama di Indonesia). Al-Ulum Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Ke Islaman, 11(2), 2020–2032. https://doi.org/10.31102/alulum.11.2.2024.2020-2032
Sadyrbek, M. (2017). Legal Pluralism in Central Asia: Local Jurisdiction and Customary Practices. Routledge.
Salemot, M. A. (2021). Non-derogable Rights during State of Emergency: Evaluation of the Ethiopian Legal Framework in Light of International Standards. Hawassa University Journal of Law, 5(1), 177.
Sales, P. (2024). Constitutional Values In The Common Law Of Obligations. The Cambridge Law Journal, 83(1), 132–157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197324000011
Santos, M. F. G. dos, & Romanello, M. V. D. (2021). Law, State and Religious Freedom in Brazil: A Historical and Constitutional Analysis of Freedom of Belief and Religion. Athens Journal of Law, 7(4), 541–562.
Tajmila, T., Syahwan, A., Aditya, M. D. S., Rafi, P. A., Rahman, M., & Muzakir, Y. (2025). Peran dan Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Daerah dalam Perizinan Rumah Ibadah Berdasarkan Hak Konstitusional Kebebasan Beragama. Wathan: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(2), 260–279. https://doi.org/10.71153/wathan.v2i2.263
Trinugraha, Y. H., Saputro, R., & Yuhastina, Y. (2023). Proses stigmatisasi pada pengikut penghayat kepercayaan pelajar Kawruh Jiwo di Kota Surakarta: Kajian teori Stigma Erving Goffmap. SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.30738/sosio.v9i1.14172
Umami, U., & Ghofur, A. (2022). Human Rights in Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah al-Āmmah: A Perspective of Ibn ‘Āshūr. Al-Ahkam, 32(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.9306
Widowati, & Vu Le Giang. (2025). Child Punishment Versus the Principle of Non-Discrimination in the Perspective of Human Rights: A Legal Comparison Between Indonesia and Vietnam. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 7(1), 245–273. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v7n1.p245-273
Yuni Juniarti, Shindu Irwansyah, & Muhamad Yunus. (2022). Analisis Pencatatan Perkawinan Beda Agama di Indonesia menurut Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974. Jurnal Riset Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrhki.vi.1185
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Daulat Nathanael Banjarnahor , Rengga Kusuma Putra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
