Distributive Justice in Mining Governance
A Comparative Legal Analysis of Indonesia and Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v24i2.8156Keywords:
Benefit Sharing, Distributive Justice, Mining Governance.Abstract
This research analyzes the construction and issues of distributive justice in mining governance in Indonesia and Thailand and formulates the direction for the reconstruction of Indonesian law based on comparative learning. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results show that both countries place the state as the controller of mineral resources to achieve societal prosperity thru the distribution of economic benefits, environmental protection, community participation, and intergenerational sustainability. Indonesia relies on the mandate of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which is elaborated thru regulations on mineral and coal mining, mechanisms for state and regional revenue, community empowerment, and environmental protection. Meanwhile, Thailand, thru the Minerals Act B.E. 2560 (2017), articulates more explicitly the balance of interests between the state, business actors, local communities, economy, society, health, and environment in mineral management. The problem in Indonesia mainly lies in the gap between norms and implementation, centralization of authority, inequality in the distribution of economic benefits, distribution of socio-ecological burdens, and the limited participation of local and indigenous communities. Therefore, the reconstruction of Indonesian law needs to be directed toward a model of mining governance based on distributive justice thru the strengthening of benefit sharing, meaningful participation, environmental and health protection, and the proportional distribution of responsibilities among the state, business actors, society, and future generations.
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