Sexual Violence Against Women As A Violation Of Human Dignity: A Criminal Law Perspective
Perspektif Hukum Pidana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v25i2.8251Keywords:
sexual violence; gender-based violence; criminal lawAbstract
Sexual violence against women is rooted in discrimination by men, such as the restriction of women's rights or specific societal views regarding male superiority. This study aims to examine sexual violence against women from a criminal law perspective using a normative research method. The analysis reveals Sexual violence against women constitutes a violation of human rights and human dignity, as stated in the General Elucidation of the Sexual Violence Crime Act. The Sexual Violence Crime Act operates under the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali (special law overrides general law) in relation to the Criminal Code. Under this Law, violence against women is generally classified as an ordinary offense (rather than a complaint based offense). Most of these criminal acts are classified as formal offense meaning the act is defined without regard to the consequences resulting from the act itself except for Articles 8 and 9, which regulate forced contraception and forced sterilization. This classification as a formal offense aims to protect victims by simplifying the burden of proof. These acts of sexual violence are committed intentionally to achieve specific objectives, with full awareness and certainty. In conclusion, the criminal offense under this Law is not a complaint based offense but rather an ordinary offense. It is formulated as a formal offense, given the highly detrimental impact such actions have on women.
Downloads
References
al, P. T. (2022). ’Sexual Violence And The Healing Process Of The Victims. Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika, 17(1), 109 – 119. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v3i2.35119
al., S. Y. (2026, April). Complaint-Based Offenses In Sexual Offenses Under The National Criminal Code: Implications For Victim Protection. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences, 8(2), 1870~1876. doi:10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.9919
Bandar Subhandi Baktiar, e. (2026). Hukum Pidana: Asas, Teori, dan Pembahuruan Berdasarkan KUHP Nasional dan UU Penyusuaian Pidana. Jakarta: Kencana.
Bekele, A. (2024). Violence and Freedom: a Phenomenological inquiry into the practices of Freedom. SKHID (EAST Journal, 6(3), 45 - 52. doi:https://doi.org/10.21847/2411-3093.636
Carozza, P. G. ( 2022,). Human Dignity and the Foundations of Human Rights’, SPECIAL REPORT. British: The Heritage Fondation . Retrieved September 9, 2026, from https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2020-12/SR239.pdf
et.al, R. G.-W. (2024 ). Reasons for Not Reporting Among Sexual Assault Survivors Who Seek Medical Forensic Exams: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(9 ), 1905–1925. doi:10.1177/08862605231211926
Febriayanti, L. (2026, March 03). Komnas Perempuan Luncurkan CATAHU 2025, Kekerasan Berbasis Gender terhadap Perempuan Meningkat 14.07 Persen. Retrieved August 29, 2026, from Wrta Feminis: https://www.jurnalperempuan.org/warta-feminis/komnas-perempuan-luncurkan-catahu-2025-kekerasan-berbasis-gender-terhadap-perempuan-meningkat-1407-persen
Fitria, A. D. (2022). Human Rights in Indonesia’s Constitution: Human Rights Violations in Sexual Violence. An-Nisa Journal of Gender Studies, 15 (2), 201-212. doi:https://doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v15i2.112
Fohring, S. (2026, July). Why I Didn’t Report: Exploring victim accounts of non-reporting. Sage Journal: Criminology & Criminal Justice, 26(3), 922-938. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241283947
Indonesia, R. (2022, May 19). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from JDIH Data Base Pearuran BPK: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/207944/uu-no-12-tahun-2022
Margono, R. (2025). Analisis Delik Formil dan Delik Materiil dalam UU Tindak Pidana Kkerasaan Seksul (TPKS),. Yogyakara: Yayasan Putra Adi Dharma.
Nations, U. (1979, Desember 10). Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from United Nations of Human Rights: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women
Nazwa Aulia Khairunnisa, e. (2025). Dampak Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Psikologis Perempuan Dampak Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Psikologis Perempuan. WISSEN: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(3), 355 - 364. doi: https://doi.org/10.62383/wissen.v3i3.1083
Otto, O. G. (2020). Human Dignity as an Ethical Basis for a Multicultural Society. The Japan Mission Journal, , 74(3), 197-206. Retrieved from http://repository.iftkledalero.ac.id/id/eprint/206
Rendra Bhaktie Kusuma et.al. (2025). Reformasi Hukum Indonesia Melalui Lensa Feminist Legal Theory: Menyusun Keadilan Gender. Jurnal Yustisia, 11(1), 54-69. doi:10.31943/yustitia.v11i1.333.
Republik Indonesia. (1984, July 24). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 Pengesahan Konvensi Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskiriminasi Terhadap Wanita (Convention on The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimanation Against Women). Retrieved September 9, 2026, from JDIH Database Peraturan: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/46978/uu-no-7-tahun-1984
Republik Indonesia. (2022, May 09). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (Pasal 6). Retrieved September 10, 2026, from JDIH Data Pearaturan: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/207944/uu-no-12-tahun-2022
Richardson-Self, G. M. (2022). Stuck in Suffering: A Philosophical Exploration of Violence. Australian Feminist Law Journal, 48(1), 113 - 136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13200968.2022.2088947
Rosidin, M. A. (2023). Penelitian Hukum Nomatif: Analisis Putusan Hakim. Jakarta: Kencana.
Salvia Salsabila Putri Kastiady, e. (2024). Protection of Human Rights Against Women in an International Legal Perspective. 2(1), 221-248. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v3i2.35119
Silvi Nurahmad, e. (2025). Legal Protection Efforts for Victims of Sexual Violence Crimes in Indonesia’. Legal Brief, 14(3), 616-621. doi:https://doi.org/10.35335/legal.v14i3.1367
United Nations. (1948, December 10). Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Indonesian. Retrieved September 9, 2026, from United Nations of Human Righs: https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian,
Watson, S. (2026). The Online Violence Experienced by Women Working in the Public Sphere. In T. e. al., The Palgrave Handbook of Violence Against Women and Girls (pp. 1 – 25). London: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved August 29, 2026
Yeni Triana, e. (2024). Peran Teori Social Engineering Roscoe Pound Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial Melalui Penemuan Hukum Di Indonesia. Journal of Social Science and Education Research, 1(2), 58 – 71. doi:10.59613/rape7j02
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Widhia Kusuma Wardani, Kuswardani, Dwi Edi Wibowo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
